Predictors of Postnatal Depression Among Women in Federal Capital Territory Hospitals, North Central Nigeria

Postnatal depression is a prevalent yet frequently undetected perinatal mental health disorder with significant consequences for maternal well-being, infant bonding, and child development. This study identifies the predictors of postnatal depression among postpartum women attending postnatal clinics at federal hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory. A cross-sectional analytical design is applied to 310 women attending six-week postnatal reviews, selected through systematic sampling across three tertiary hospitals. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is applied to screen for postnatal depression, alongside structured questionnaires measuring obstetric history, birth complications, infant health, spousal support, socioeconomic status, antenatal anxiety, previous mental health history, and social isolation. SPSS is used for analysis, with binary logistic regression identifying independent predictors. Available evidence from Nigerian perinatal psychiatry literature indicates postnatal depression prevalence ranging from 10 to 23 percent, with primiparity, difficult births, marital conflict, and low household income emerging as consistent predictors. The Biopsychosocial Model provides the conceptual framework, integrating biological vulnerability, psychological stressors, and social determinants. Findings will inform FCT health authorities on establishing universal postnatal depression screening protocols and community-based psychosocial support services. The study contributes to filling the evidence gap on perinatal mental health in North Central Nigeria and supports the national maternal mental health policy agenda. Keywords: postnatal depression, predictors, postpartum women, Federal Capital Territory, North Central Nigeria.