Prevalence of Giardia lamblia Infection Among Under-Five Children in Maiduguri, Borno State

Giardia lamblia is among the most prevalent intestinal protozoa globally and a significant cause of diarrhoeal disease in young children in conflict-affected regions. This study investigated the prevalence of G. lamblia infection among children under five years in internally displaced persons camps and host communities in Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeast Nigeria. A total of 240 stool samples were examined using the direct wet preparation and formal-ether concentration techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for antigen detection in a subset of samples. Sociodemographic and hygiene data were collected via questionnaires administered to caregivers. Overall prevalence was 32.9 percent, with displaced children showing significantly higher rates than those in settled host communities. Exclusive consumption of untreated water and open defecation practices were the strongest risk factors identified. Acute diarrhoea and stunting were significantly more common among Giardia-positive children. The study calls for urgent provision of safe water, improved sanitation facilities, and targeted antiparasitic treatment in humanitarian settings across Northeast Nigeria, with particular priority given to children below two years of age. Keywords: Giardia lamblia, diarrhoea, displaced children, Borno State, humanitarian settings.