School Phobia and Academic Absenteeism Among Primary Pupils in Ekiti State

This study investigates the relationship between school phobia and academic absenteeism among primary school pupils in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria. School phobia, characterised by persistent and excessive fear or anxiety associated with school attendance, represents a significant but underreported problem in Nigerian primary education, often misidentified as truancy or parental negligence. The study employs a descriptive survey design, involving 260 Primary 3 to 6 pupils and their parents from six primary schools in Ado-Ekiti and Ikole Local Government Areas. The School Refusal Assessment Scale (child and parent versions) and school attendance records were used as instruments. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and Pearson correlation. Findings reveal that approximately one in five sampled pupils meets criteria suggestive of school refusal behaviour, with separation anxiety, social anxiety, and fear of specific teachers or subjects cited as primary triggers. Prolonged absenteeism was significantly more prevalent among pupils with school phobia symptoms compared to the general sample. Early intervention by school counsellors and collaboration with parents was associated with faster reintegration in cases where it was documented. These findings highlight a need for systematic awareness and early detection protocols in Ekiti State primary schools. The state's Universal Basic Education Board is advised to develop a school refusal identification and intervention manual for use by primary school teachers and counsellors. Keywords: school phobia, academic absenteeism, primary school, Ekiti State, anxiety disorders.