School Plant Management and Student Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Delta State

This study examines the relationship between school plant management and student academic performance in public secondary schools in Delta State, South South Nigeria. The physical environment of a school, including its buildings, laboratories, libraries, and recreational spaces, plays a significant role in shaping the quality of teaching and learning. However, many secondary schools in Delta State are characterised by dilapidated structures, poorly maintained facilities, and inadequate sanitation, which adversely affect student engagement and outcomes. The study uses a descriptive survey design and samples 400 students, teachers, and administrative staff from 40 public secondary schools across three senatorial districts of Delta State. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist serve as instruments, and data are analysed with mean ratings, standard deviations, and regression analysis. The study is underpinned by the Environmental Design Theory. Findings indicate that schools with well-maintained physical facilities record higher student attendance, greater teacher retention, and better performance in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination. Inadequate classroom space and poor sanitation are identified as the most disruptive physical factors affecting learning. The study recommends a needs assessment of school infrastructure across Delta State and the systematic channelling of ecological fund allocations toward school plant rehabilitation. Keywords: school plant management, academic performance, physical environment, secondary schools, Delta State.