Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Among Female Sex Workers in Calabar, Cross River State

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection that significantly amplifies the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, particularly among key populations such as female sex workers (FSWs). This study determines the seroprevalence of HSV-2 among FSWs in Calabar, Cross River State, South South Nigeria, and explores associations with HIV co-infection and sexual risk behaviours. A cross-sectional design will recruit 250 FSWs through respondent-driven sampling at identified hotspots in Calabar Municipality and Calabar South. Serum samples will be tested for HSV-2 IgG antibodies using a glycoprotein G-based ELISA, and rapid HIV testing will be performed concurrently. Structured interviews will capture data on age at sexual debut, condom use, number of partners, and prior STI history. Statistical analysis will employ logistic regression to identify predictors of HSV-2 seropositivity. Regional studies suggest HSV-2 prevalence among FSWs in Nigeria may exceed 60 percent, and co-infection with HIV is commonly observed. Findings will inform targeted sexual health interventions and HSV-2 testing integration within existing HIV services for key populations in Cross River State. This research supports the state's commitment to a comprehensive sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy aligned with UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. Keywords: HSV-2, seroprevalence, female sex workers, Calabar, HIV co-infection