Serum Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Broiler Chickens with Dermatitis and Foot Pad Lesions in Enugu State, South East Nigeria

Trace mineral deficiencies have been implicated in integumentary pathology in poultry, including dermatitis and foot pad lesions that compromise bird welfare and economic returns. This study measured serum zinc and copper concentrations in broiler chickens presenting with dermatitis and foot pad lesions at a commercial farm in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. Sixty broilers at thirty-five days of age were classified into two groups: thirty with macroscopically confirmed dermatitis or foot pad lesions and thirty clinically normal birds from the same flock. Blood collected from the brachial vein was analysed for serum zinc and copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Affected birds demonstrated significantly lower serum zinc compared to healthy controls, with mean values of 48.2 micrograms per decilitre versus 74.6 micrograms per decilitre respectively. Serum copper concentrations did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that zinc inadequacy is the primary trace mineral deficiency in this clinical presentation. Regression analysis confirmed serum zinc as a significant predictor of lesion severity score. An audit of farm records indicated that the affected flock's feed formulation was prepared without trace mineral premix inclusion during a period of supply chain disruption. This study supports routine trace mineral premix inclusion in broiler rations as essential for integumentary health in South East Nigerian poultry operations. Keywords: serum zinc, dermatitis, foot pad lesions, broilers, trace minerals.