Skin Colour and Photoprotection Practices Among Outdoor Agricultural Workers in Kebbi State, North West Nigeria

Background: Agricultural workers in Nigeria's North West region are exposed to intense solar ultraviolet radiation over prolonged periods. Physiological responses to ultraviolet exposure, including melanin-mediated photoprotection, vary with skin phototype and are influenced by hydration status, nutritional factors, and behavioural practices. Understanding photoprotection awareness and its physiological basis among rural farm workers is an understudied area. Objectives: This study aims to assess skin phototype distribution, sun exposure duration, photoprotection practices, and vitamin D status markers among outdoor agricultural workers in Kebbi State. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult farmers will be recruited using cluster sampling from three farming communities. Fitzpatrick skin phototype will be assessed using standardised visual classification. A structured questionnaire will measure sun exposure duration and protective behaviours. Spot urine samples will estimate calcium-to-creatinine ratios as a proxy for vitamin D status. Descriptive and correlation analyses will be performed. Expected Outcomes: The majority of participants are expected to demonstrate phototype V or VI with low photoprotection behaviour despite prolonged daily sun exposure, suggesting community-based health education needs. Conclusion: Findings will inform public health messaging on ultraviolet exposure and skin health for rural agricultural populations in Nigeria. Keywords: skin phototype, photoprotection, ultraviolet exposure, agricultural workers, Kebbi.