Survey of Ectoparasites Infesting Livestock in Rural Communities of Benue State, North Central Nigeria

Ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, and lice represent a major constraint to livestock productivity in Nigeria, with implications for zoonotic disease transmission in rural farming communities. This survey documented the types and prevalence of ectoparasites infesting cattle, goats, and sheep in selected rural communities of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. A total of 180 animals across three local government areas were physically examined using standard entomological collection and identification procedures. Parasites were preserved in 70 percent ethanol and identified morphologically using validated taxonomic keys. Ticks of the genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, and Boophilus were the most commonly identified ectoparasites, with an overall infestation prevalence of 68.3 percent. Cattle recorded the highest tick burdens, particularly during the dry season. Community-level awareness of tick-borne diseases remained low, with only 22 percent of farmers regularly applying acaricides. The findings underscore the need for integrated vector management strategies and farmer education on ectoparasite control as part of animal and human health promotion in Benue State. Strengthening the veterinary extension service network is critical for sustained intervention. Keywords: ectoparasites, ticks, livestock, Benue State, zoonotic diseases.