Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for Oral Health Care in Igbo-Ora Community, Oyo State, South West Nigeria

Oral health conditions including dental caries, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis represent prevalent morbidities in rural Nigerian communities where modern dental care is financially and geographically inaccessible. In Igbo-Ora, Oyo State, South West Nigeria, traditional oral health practices including the use of chewing sticks and herbal mouth rinses are deeply embedded in community practice. This study documents the medicinal plants used for oral health care in Igbo-Ora using a structured ethnobotanical survey approach. One hundred and twenty respondents including community residents, traditional healers, and elderly women were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires. Plant specimens were identified at the herbarium of the University of Ibadan. Thirty-four plant species were documented, of which Azadirachta indica, Garcinia kola, Massularia acuminata, and Diospyros mespiliformis were most frequently cited as chewing stick species. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties were the commonly attributed functions. Secondary metabolites including tannins, alkaloids, and saponins were identified in the most-cited species through phytochemical screening. Knowledge was predominantly held by women and elders, with younger respondents demonstrating markedly reduced awareness. This study provides a platform for the scientific evaluation of chewing stick plants and supports the development of culturally appropriate oral hygiene products for underserved communities. Keywords: oral health, chewing sticks, ethnobotany, Oyo State, dental care