Survey of Parvovirus B19 Infection Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Osun State

Parvovirus B19 causes aplastic crises in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients by infecting and destroying erythroid progenitor cells, potentially precipitating life-threatening anaemia. In Osun State, South West Nigeria, where SCD prevalence is high, B19-related aplastic episodes may be contributing significantly to acute morbidity. This study investigates the frequency of Parvovirus B19 infection among SCD patients attending the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. A cross-sectional design will recruit 200 SCD patients experiencing acute pain crises or unexplained anaemia over 12 months. Serum samples will be tested for B19 IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA, with B19 DNA PCR performed on IgM-reactive samples to confirm active infection. Clinical parameters including haematocrit, reticulocyte count, hospitalisation frequency, and blood transfusion history will be recorded and correlated with B19 serostatus. Current literature suggests B19 IgM seroprevalence of 5 to 15 percent in hospitalised SCD cohorts during aplastic crisis episodes in West Africa. Findings will help clinicians in Osun State recognise B19 as a treatable cause of SCD exacerbation and support advocacy for B19 DNA testing as part of the work-up for aplastic crises in sickle cell patients. This research contributes to the evidence base for comprehensive SCD management in South West Nigeria. Keywords: Parvovirus B19, sickle cell disease, aplastic crisis, Osun State, seroprevalence