Evaluation of the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Household Incomes in Niger State, North Central Nigeria

Non-timber forest products play a significant but often undervalued role in supporting rural livelihoods in Nigeria's forest-adjacent communities. In Niger State, diverse non-timber forest products including shea butter, locust bean, medicinal plants, and wild honey contribute to household income and nutritional security. This study evaluated the contribution of non-timber forest products to rural household incomes in Niger State. A cross-sectional survey of 108 rural households from four forest-adjacent communities across three local government areas was conducted. Structured questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal tools were used to collect data on species harvested, household income sources, quantities collected, and seasonal availability. Descriptive statistics and income decomposition analysis were applied. Results revealed that non-timber forest products contributed an average of 22 percent of total household income, with the contribution rising to over 35 percent in households with limited farm acreage. Shea kernel processing was identified as the most economically significant activity, particularly for women. Over-harvesting, deforestation, and declining product quality were the principal threats to non-timber forest product availability. The study recommends integrating non-timber forest product management into Niger State's community forestry and land use planning frameworks. Value addition support for shea and locust bean processors should also be prioritised. Keywords: non-timber forest products, rural income, Niger State, shea butter, household livelihoods.