Evaluation of Water Quality Parameters for Drip Irrigation Suitability in Dry Season Vegetable Farms in Jigawa State

Drip irrigation has gained traction as a water-efficient technology for dry season vegetable production in North West Nigeria, yet the quality of irrigation water sourced from rivers, shallow wells, and boreholes in Jigawa State has not been systematically assessed for its suitability for drip system use. Poor water quality can cause emitter clogging, soil degradation, and crop damage, ultimately reducing the efficiency gains expected from drip systems. This study evaluates the chemical and physical parameters of irrigation water from 45 sources across three local government areas of Jigawa State to assess their suitability for drip irrigation vegetable farming. Water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and iron content using standard laboratory methods. Results were compared against FAO and US Salinity Laboratory guidelines for irrigation water quality. Findings reveal that 40 percent of water sources exceeded recommended electrical conductivity thresholds, suggesting moderate to severe soil salinization risk with continuous use. Iron content was elevated in 25 percent of borehole samples, posing emitter clogging risk. The study recommends pre-installation water quality testing as mandatory practice before drip system deployment, along with the development of state-level water quality guidelines for horticultural irrigation in Jigawa State. Keywords: water quality, drip irrigation, Jigawa State, salinity, vegetable production