Evaluation of Public Sector Extension Support for Commercial Mango Orchards in Adamawa State

Mango (Mangifera indica) production in Adamawa State represents one of the most commercially significant horticultural enterprises in the North East geopolitical zone, yet the quality and reach of public sector agricultural extension support for commercial mango orchards in the state remain inadequately assessed. Extension service effectiveness is a critical determinant of orchard productivity, post-harvest management quality, and the capacity of producers to access premium domestic and export markets. This study evaluates the scope, frequency, and perceived effectiveness of public sector extension services received by commercial mango orchard operators in Adamawa State, covering agronomic advisory, pest and disease management guidance, post-harvest support, and market linkage facilitation. Structured interviews were conducted with 80 commercial mango farmers across four local government areas of Adamawa State, supplemented by interviews with 20 extension agents from the Adamawa State Agricultural Development Program. Results indicate that 65 percent of farmers reported receiving fewer than two extension visits per year, and the majority rated pest and disease management advisory as the most deficient extension service area. Extension agents reported inadequate technical training in mango-specific agronomy and limited operational funding. The study recommends a dedicated mango orchard extension program in Adamawa State and the development of a mango production technical manual for extension agents. Keywords: extension services, mango, commercial orchards, Adamawa State, public sector support