Radiographic Assessment of Long Bone Fractures in Dogs Presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State

Fractures of the long bones are among the most frequently encountered orthopedic conditions in canine patients at veterinary teaching hospitals across Nigeria. This study evaluates the radiographic patterns, anatomical distribution, and causative factors associated with long bone fractures in dogs presented at the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, over a five-year period. Medical records and radiographic archives from 2019 to 2024 were retrospectively reviewed, with cases selected based on confirmed radiographic diagnosis. A total of 120 canine cases met the inclusion criteria. Radiographic findings were classified using standard orthopedic nomenclature, and data on breed, age, sex, and probable cause of injury were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate that the femur was the most commonly fractured bone, accounting for 38% of cases, followed by the tibia at 27%. Road traffic accidents were identified as the leading cause in 61% of cases, particularly in free-roaming dogs in peri-urban communities. German Shepherds and mixed breeds were the most affected. Young dogs between one and three years of age constituted the highest proportion of patients. These findings highlight a critical need for improved road safety awareness among dog owners and investment in orthopedic surgical equipment at teaching hospitals in South Eastern Nigeria. This study contributes baseline epidemiological data for future comparative studies within the region. Keywords: radiography, long bone fractures, canine orthopedics, Enugu, road traffic accidents.