Clinicopathological Findings in Dogs with Perineal Hernia Presented at Osun State Veterinary Hospital

Perineal hernia is a condition in which abdominal and pelvic organs herniate through a weakened pelvic diaphragm, most commonly occurring in intact male dogs. This study describes the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical management outcomes of perineal hernia in dogs presented at Osun State Veterinary Hospital in Oshogbo, South West Nigeria, between January 2021 and June 2024. Thirty-eight confirmed cases were enrolled based on clinical examination and diagnostic imaging. Data collected included breed, age, reproductive status, hernial contents, surgical technique employed, and postoperative complications. Intact males constituted 95% of affected dogs, and the median age was eight years. German Shepherds and Rottweilers were the most commonly affected breeds. Unilateral hernia was identified in 63% of cases, and rectal deviation or diverticulum was the most frequent hernial content. Internal obturator muscle transposition was the surgical technique of choice, utilized in 71% of cases. Concurrent castration was performed in all intact males. Fecal tenesmus was the most common presenting complaint in 79% of patients. Postoperative complications including hernia recurrence and sciatic nerve injury were documented in 18% of cases. Surgical success was significantly associated with early intervention before the development of rectal diverticulum. These findings support the routine incorporation of concurrent castration with herniorrhaphy and advocate for public awareness on the surgical risks of intact male dog populations. Keywords: perineal hernia, canine surgery, herniorrhaphy, Osun State, intact male dogs.