Occupational Exposure to Zoonotic Pathogens Among Veterinarians and Veterinary Technicians in South East Nigeria

Veterinary professionals face daily occupational exposure to a range of zoonotic pathogens, yet systematic assessment of this risk in Nigeria is limited. This study investigated occupational exposure to zoonotic pathogens among veterinarians and veterinary technicians in South East Nigeria, covering Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 110 veterinary professionals recruited through their respective State Veterinary Councils. A structured questionnaire assessed types and frequency of zoonotic exposure events, personal protective equipment practices, post-exposure management, and occupational health training received. Results showed that 71.8% of respondents reported at least one significant zoonotic exposure event in the past two years, with animal bites, needle-stick injuries, and aerosol exposure from parturient animals being the most common. Personal protective equipment use was inconsistent, and 64% of respondents had not received formal occupational health training. Post-exposure protocols were poorly understood, and fewer than 40% sought formal medical evaluation after exposure events. The study concludes that occupational zoonotic exposure is frequent among veterinary professionals in South East Nigeria and that protective and response systems are inadequate. Recommendations include mandatory occupational health training in veterinary continuing education, standardized post-exposure protocols, and establishment of an occupational incident registry for veterinary professionals. Keywords: occupational exposure, zoonosis, veterinary professionals, South East Nigeria, occupational health