Ecological Baseline Study for Proposed Ecotourism Development at Iheya Hills, Enugu State

Pre-development ecological baseline assessments are essential safeguards for identifying and mitigating the ecological risks of ecotourism infrastructure development in sensitive natural areas. The Iheya Hills landscape in Enugu State, within Nigeria's South East geopolitical zone, has been identified as a candidate site for a state-sponsored ecotourism development initiative due to its scenic forested hillside terrain and proximity to Enugu metropolis. This study conducts an ecological baseline assessment to characterize the site's biodiversity, identify ecological sensitivity zones, and provide science-based guidance for development siting and design. Field surveys covering vegetation, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians were conducted across 14 survey stations over three months during the wet season. A total of 142 plant species, 56 bird species, 18 mammal species, and 24 herpetofaunal species were recorded. The survey identifies two high-sensitivity zones, namely a stream headwater area supporting amphibian breeding populations and a ridgeline forest fragment hosting a roost of straw-colored fruit bats. Proposed infrastructure development that would directly impact these zones is strongly contraindicated. The study recommends development setbacks from both identified sensitivity zones, a phased construction approach with inter-phase ecological monitoring, and mandatory wildlife impact assessment during the construction period. These findings are intended for the Enugu State Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources to guide responsible ecotourism development planning. Keywords: ecological baseline, ecotourism development, Enugu State, South East Nigeria, biodiversity assessment