The Role of the Nigerian Military in Internal Conflict Management: Lessons from Operation Safe Haven

This study critically examines the role of the Nigerian military in internal conflict management with particular reference to Operation Safe Haven, a joint security operation deployed in Plateau State and parts of southern Kaduna in the North Central geopolitical zone. Military involvement in civilian conflict zones raises complex questions about the intersection of national security, human rights, and sustainable peace. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilising document analysis of government reports, human rights monitoring reports, and media accounts, supplemented by in-depth interviews with retired military officers, community leaders, and civil society representatives in Jos and Shendam. The theoretical framework draws from the liberal peace theory and securitisation theory. Findings indicate that Operation Safe Haven has achieved mixed outcomes: while it has reduced large-scale violence in some communities, reports of extrajudicial conduct, displacement of internally displaced persons, and lack of exit strategies raise concerns about militarisation as a substitute for sustainable conflict resolution. The study also identifies limited coordination between the military and civilian peacebuilding actors as a structural gap. Recommendations include developing clear military engagement guidelines that complement civil peacebuilding efforts, establishing civilian oversight committees for joint security operations, and investing in post-military civilian stabilisation programs. The study contributes to the debate on appropriate roles for security forces in subnational conflict management in Nigeria. Keywords: Nigerian military, conflict management, Operation Safe Haven, Plateau State, securitisation.