Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Parents of Preschool Children in Ibadan, Oyo State

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical for optimal developmental outcomes, yet parental knowledge remains a significant barrier to timely diagnosis in many Nigerian communities. This study assesses the level of knowledge of ASD among parents of preschool children aged 2 to 6 years attending childcare centers in Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey will recruit 250 parents through systematic sampling from 10 registered preschools. A researcher-designed, validated questionnaire assessing ASD symptom recognition, beliefs about causation, and appropriate management will be administered. Sociodemographic variables including parental education, occupation, and source of health information will be analyzed as predictors of knowledge using logistic regression. Studies from urban South West Nigeria indicate that many parents attribute early autism symptoms to spiritual attacks or developmental delays considered normal, leading to delayed presentation at neurodevelopmental clinics. This study will provide evidence to guide parental education campaigns and the development of community-based autism early detection programs. Recommendations will target pediatric and psychiatric departments in Oyo State hospitals and the Oyo State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development. Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, parental knowledge, preschool children, Ibadan, early detection