Investigation of Domestic Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Utilisation Patterns Among Households in Kano State

Access to clean cooking energy remains a developmental challenge in Nigeria, particularly in northern states where biomass dependence is highest. This study investigates the patterns of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) utilisation among urban and peri-urban households in Kano State, examining affordability, safety practices, and factors influencing adoption. A structured questionnaire was administered to 320 households selected through stratified random sampling across Kano Municipal, Nassarawa, and Gwale Local Government Areas. The research assesses monthly LPG expenditure relative to household income, refilling frequency, and knowledge of safe handling procedures. It also examines the role of cylinder ownership, distributor proximity, and cultural preferences in shaping LPG usage behaviour. Findings reveal that a significant proportion of LPG users in Kano operate on a hand-to-mouth refilling pattern due to financial constraints, increasing exposure to supply interruptions and unsafe improvised refilling practices. The study further identifies a gendered dimension to LPG adoption, with female household heads demonstrating higher willingness-to-pay for clean cooking fuels when income is sufficient. Recommendations include the introduction of small-denomination refill schemes, community-based safety education campaigns, and targeted subsidies for low-income households. The findings are intended to inform the implementation of the Federal Government's LPG penetration targets under the National LPG Expansion Plan. Keywords: LPG utilisation, household energy, Kano, clean cooking, energy access.