Physiological Responses to Fasting During the Ramadan Period Among Muslim Adults in Kano State

Religious fasting represents a significant physiological challenge, and Ramadan fasting is practiced by a substantial proportion of Nigeria's northern population. This study investigated physiological responses to intermittent fasting during Ramadan among Muslim adults in Kano State, North West Nigeria. Fifty adult male and female volunteers aged 20 to 45 years were recruited and assessed at three time points: one week before Ramadan, during the third week of fasting, and two weeks post-Ramadan. Parameters measured included fasting blood glucose, serum lipid profile, blood pressure, body weight, and resting heart rate. Standardised collection protocols were followed across all assessment points. Paired t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA were applied for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose during Ramadan, which partially reversed post-fasting. Blood pressure decreased during fasting but showed no statistically significant change. Resting heart rate increased slightly during fasting, possibly reflecting mild dehydration. Females exhibited greater weight reduction than males, though both groups showed similar lipid improvements. The study concludes that Ramadan fasting produces measurable and largely beneficial short-term physiological effects in healthy adults, though hydration management requires attention. Public health guidelines tailored to Ramadan fasters in North West Nigeria are recommended. Keywords: Ramadan fasting, blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, Kano.