Comparison of Lung Function Indices Between Farmers and Non-Farmers in a Rural Community in Benue State

Agricultural workers in Nigeria face considerable occupational exposure to dust, allergens, and agrochemicals that may compromise respiratory function over time. This study compared lung function indices between farmers and non-farmers in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. A total of 120 participants, comprising 60 subsistence farmers and 60 age-matched non-farming community members, were recruited using purposive sampling. Spirometry was performed using a portable spirometer to measure forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow rate. A structured questionnaire captured occupational history, farming duration, and symptoms of respiratory distress. Independent t-tests and ANOVA were used for group comparisons. Results showed that farmers had significantly lower mean forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate compared to non-farmers. Obstructive patterns were detected in 22 percent of farmers compared to 8 percent among controls. Duration of farming was negatively correlated with spirometric values, suggesting cumulative exposure effects. Farmers who reported using chemical pesticides had the most reduced lung function. The study concludes that agricultural occupational exposure is associated with subclinical pulmonary dysfunction among rural farmers in Benue State. Protective equipment distribution and periodic lung function screening are strongly recommended. Keywords: lung function, spirometry, farmers, occupational exposure, Benue State.