Investigation of Groundwater Contamination from Tin Mining Activities on the Jos Plateau, North Central Nigeria

The Jos Plateau in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria, has a long history of tin mining that has profoundly altered the hydrological landscape of the region. This study investigates groundwater contamination attributable to legacy and active tin mining operations across six communities on the Jos Plateau. A field-based methodology was adopted, comprising hydrogeological mapping, groundwater sampling from 30 boreholes and hand-dug wells, and physicochemical analysis for parameters including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and trace metal concentrations. Water samples were evaluated against World Health Organisation drinking water guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Results indicate elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and arsenic in groundwater sources proximate to tailings impoundments and ore processing areas. Communities relying on these sources for domestic use exhibit higher incidences of waterborne illnesses. The study traces contamination pathways through leachate infiltration and flooding of abandoned mine pits during the rainy season. Proposed interventions include engineered capping of tailings impoundments, restoration of riparian buffer zones, and provision of alternative clean water infrastructure for affected communities. The findings provide actionable recommendations for the Plateau State Environmental Protection Agency and support the broader national agenda for mine site remediation. Keywords: groundwater contamination, tin mining, Jos Plateau, tailings, water quality.