An Original Investigation into the Mineralogy, Metallurgy, and Critical Mineral Potential of Nigerian Pegmatite Systems in the Context of Global Battery Material Supply Chains

Lithium-bearing pegmatites have assumed strategic global importance as primary sources of battery-grade lithium, and the critical mineral potential of Nigerian pegmatite systems, which host known occurrences of spodumene, lepidolite, and columbite-tantalite, has not been evaluated within the framework of contemporary battery material supply chain requirements. This dissertation presents an original investigation into the mineralogy, metallurgy, and critical mineral potential of Nigerian pegmatite systems in Kwara, Nassarawa, Ekiti, and Cross River states, contextualised within global battery material supply chain analysis. Systematic sampling of 23 pegmatite bodies was undertaken, with samples subjected to automated mineralogy, whole-rock lithium, niobium, tantalum, cesium, and rubidium geochemistry by ICP-MS, and Li isotope composition measurement. Battery-relevant critical mineral specifications were sourced from published automotive and energy storage industry procurement standards. Hydrometallurgical testwork including alkaline roasting and acid leaching of spodumene concentrates was conducted to assess lithium carbonate recovery. Results establish that eight of the studied pegmatite bodies contain lithium concentrations above 0.5 percent lithium oxide equivalent, with the most enriched intersections reaching 1.8 percent lithium oxide in Kwara State. The dissertation demonstrates for the first time that Nigerian spodumene pegmatites can produce battery-grade lithium carbonate equivalent meeting Korean and Japanese battery manufacturer specifications. An original Nigerian critical minerals supply chain opportunity analysis estimates potential export revenue and policy interventions required to realise commercial development. Keywords: pegmatites, critical minerals, lithium, battery materials, Nigerian geology.