The Decline of Kalangu Drumming Tradition in Zamfara State: Causes and Preservation Strategies

This study investigates the decline of the Kalangu drumming tradition in Zamfara State, North West Nigeria, examining its causes and proposing culturally sensitive preservation strategies. The Kalangu, a double-headed tension drum widely used among the Hausa-Fulani, has historically served important ceremonial, courtly, and communicative functions. In Zamfara, Kalangu drumming has been integral to royal court ceremonies, wrestling events, and festive gatherings. However, the application of Sharia law since 2000, changing entertainment norms, and a generational decline in apprenticeship have significantly reduced the frequency and visibility of Kalangu performances. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive design, drawing data from in-depth interviews with practicing Kalangu drummers, former practitioners, community and religious leaders, and local government cultural officers in Gusau and Anka local government areas. Document analysis of state cultural policies and archival recordings supplements interview data. The study identifies economic, religious, and sociocultural factors driving the decline and benchmarks preservation approaches adopted in comparable contexts in the Sahel region. Findings will produce a situational assessment of Kalangu tradition in Zamfara and recommend a community-inclusive preservation framework sensitive to prevailing religious governance. Keywords: Kalangu drum, Zamfara State, cultural decline, Hausa music, preservation.