Assessment of Chemical Hazard Exposure Among Laboratory Technicians in Tertiary Hospitals in Enugu State

Laboratory technicians in clinical settings are routinely exposed to a range of chemical hazards including reagents, disinfectants, and fixatives that pose significant occupational health risks when proper precautions are neglected. This study assessed the nature of chemical hazard exposure and associated protective practices among laboratory technicians in tertiary hospitals in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, with 140 technicians recruited from three tertiary health institutions. A validated structured questionnaire was used alongside direct observation of laboratory safety practices. Results showed that 73.6 percent of respondents reported regular contact with hazardous chemicals, including formalin, xylene, and concentrated acids, without consistent use of chemical-resistant gloves or laboratory coats. Sixty-one percent reported experiencing at least one adverse health incident linked to chemical exposure, including eye irritation, skin rashes, and dizziness. Availability and functionality of safety equipment such as fume hoods and eyewash stations were inadequate in 78.6 percent of the laboratories assessed. Awareness of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) system was low, with only 28.6 percent of respondents demonstrating familiarity. This study recommends mandatory chemical safety orientation for all laboratory personnel, procurement of functional safety infrastructure, and institutional enforcement of chemical hygiene plans in Enugu State tertiary hospitals. Keywords: chemical hazards, laboratory technicians, occupational safety, Safety Data Sheet, Enugu State.