Occupational Health Risks Among Palm Oil Mill Workers in Edo State

Palm oil milling is a significant agro-industrial activity in South South Nigeria that exposes workers to a range of chemical, physical, and ergonomic hazards in an environment largely unregulated by occupational health standards. This study assessed occupational health risks among palm oil mill workers in Edo State, with fieldwork conducted across processing communities in Ovia North East and Orhionmwon local government areas. A cross-sectional design was employed, recruiting 155 workers through cluster sampling. Environmental measurements, structured questionnaire administration, and medical history review were the primary data collection methods. Results showed that heat stress was the predominant hazard, with WBGT readings exceeding 32 degrees Celsius during peak processing hours. Chemical burns from hot palm oil were reported by 58.1 percent of respondents. Respiratory symptoms were prevalent in 52.9 percent, linked to steam inhalation and combustion fumes. Musculoskeletal complaints, particularly upper limb and lower back pain, affected 76.1 percent of workers. Injury incidence was high, with 66.5 percent reporting at least one occupational injury in the previous year. No mill had a designated occupational health officer or first aid facility. The study recommends engineering controls for heat reduction, provision of burn-resistant gloves and footwear, first aid infrastructure development, and occupational health education programs for palm oil processing communities in Edo State. Keywords: palm oil processing, occupational risks, heat stress, chemical burns, Edo State.