Participation Rates in Physical Education Classes Among Junior Secondary Schools in Kaduna State

Regular participation in physical education classes is fundamental to the holistic development of young learners, encompassing physical, cognitive, and social growth. This study investigates participation rates and the factors influencing student engagement in physical education classes among junior secondary schools in Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 280 students and 45 physical education teachers across 15 randomly selected schools. Structured questionnaires and observation checklists served as primary instruments. Findings reveal that student participation in physical education is constrained by inadequate facilities, insufficient instructional time, teacher qualification gaps, and persistent social stigmas associating physical activity with academic underperformance. Participation rates among female students are notably lower, influenced by cultural norms and parental restrictions in certain communities within the state. Schools with qualified physical education specialists record participation rates approximately 31 percent higher than those relying on non-specialist teachers. The study further identifies curriculum relevance and teacher motivational strategies as significant predictors of student engagement. Recommendations include recruiting qualified physical education specialists, upgrading sports infrastructure in public schools, and conducting community sensitisation campaigns to reshape perceptions of physical education. Policy implications for the Kaduna State Ministry of Education and the National Policy on Education are discussed, particularly regarding the allocation of adequate instructional time and resources to physical education. Keywords: participation rates, physical education, junior secondary schools, Kaduna State, student engagement