Cephalic Index and Facial Morphometry Among the Igbo Ethnic Group: A Cross-Sectional Study in Imo State

Craniofacial morphometry provides essential data for forensic identification, clinical diagnosis, and understanding of population-specific anatomical traits. The cephalic index, which expresses the ratio of head breadth to head length, is a classical anthropometric measure used to classify skull shapes as dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, or brachycephalic. Limited normative data exist for the Igbo ethnic group despite its large population size and distinct cultural heritage. This study aims to determine the cephalic index and document key facial morphometric parameters among adult Igbo individuals in Imo State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design will be used, with participants selected from community health centres and tertiary institutions in Owerri. Measurements including maximum head length, maximum head breadth, facial height, and bizygomatic breadth will be collected using a sliding calliper and spreading calliper. Data will be analysed descriptively with further comparison between males and females. The anticipated outcome is an establishment of ethnicity-specific craniofacial norms that will support forensic pathologists, maxillofacial surgeons, and prosthetics designers operating within South East Nigeria. This research contributes to the growing database of Nigerian ethnic anthropometric profiles.

Keywords: cephalic index, facial morphometry, Igbo, craniofacial anthropometry, Imo State