Pattern of Vertebral Column Curvature Among Secondary School Students in Maiduguri, Borno State

Postural deformities of the vertebral column, including scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, represent a significant public health burden among school-age children and adolescents. Early identification through postural screening programmes is essential to prevent disease progression and its associated musculoskeletal complications. Limited population-specific screening data exist for adolescents in the North East geopolitical zone, where access to specialist orthopaedic care remains limited. This study aims to document the pattern of vertebral column curvature and identify the prevalence of postural deformities among secondary school students in Maiduguri, Borno State. A cross-sectional survey will be conducted in six randomly selected government and private secondary schools. Spinal curvature will be assessed using the Adams forward bend test, a flexible ruler for lateral curvature quantification, and photographic documentation. Demographic information including age, sex, and schoolbag weight will be recorded and analysed for potential associations. The study expects to provide baseline data on the burden of spinal curvature abnormalities in Borno State adolescents, supporting school health authorities in designing targeted screening and physiotherapy referral programmes.

Keywords: vertebral curvature, scoliosis, posture, adolescents, Maiduguri