📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
Industrial facilities in off-grid locations in North East Nigeria, including processing plants and telecommunications data centres, rely on diesel generation with high fuel costs and reliability risks, and hybrid renewable systems offer cost-effective alternatives that have not been analytically optimised for North East Nigeria's specific climate and load profiles. This study analytically optimised hybrid solar-wind-battery-diesel systems for off-grid industrial applications in Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa States using HOMER Pro energy modelling software. Load profiles were measured at three industrial facilities representing processing, telecommunications, and water pumping sectors. Solar irradiance and wind speed data from NASA POWER for four candidate sites in each state were used as inputs. A total of 840 system configurations were evaluated per site, varying solar PV capacity (10 to 200 kW), wind turbine inclusion (0 to 2 units of 10 kW), battery bank size (20 to 200 kWh), and diesel generator backup capacity. The optimal configuration for a 50 kW average load in Maiduguri included 120 kW PV, 60 kWh battery bank, and 30 kW diesel standby, achieving a levelised cost of energy of 95 naira per kWh compared to 285 naira per kWh for diesel-only operation, a 66.7 percent cost reduction. Renewable fraction reached 84 percent in the optimal configuration. Sensitivity analysis showed that PV panel cost reductions of 20 percent further reduced LCOE by 11 percent. The study recommends the North East Development Commission prioritise hybrid system deployments for its industrialisation programme and engage NERSA for off-grid industrial tariff guidance.
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