Characterisation of Iron Ore Deposits in Kogi State for Steel Production Potential

Iron ore deposits in Kogi State, particularly the Itakpe and Ajaokuta iron ore occurrences in the North Central geopolitical zone, represent strategic mineral resources central to Nigeria's aspiration for domestic steel production, yet detailed characterisation studies at the undergraduate level remain limited. This study undertakes a mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of iron ore samples from a selected deposit in Kogi State, evaluating the ore quality parameters relevant to blast furnace and direct reduction steel-making processes. Representative samples were collected from surface outcrops and shallow pits across the deposit area. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the mineral phases present, particularly the relative proportions of hematite, magnetite, goethite, and associated gangue minerals. X-ray fluorescence analysis determined the total iron content, alumina and silica levels, phosphorus, and sulphur concentrations, which are critical process parameters. Ore textures were documented petrographically to assess beneficiation requirements. The Lump Ore Abrasion and Tumble Index tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties for handling and transportation. Results are benchmarked against minimum quality specifications published by the Raw Materials Research and Development Council. The study provides technical data relevant to feasibility assessments and complements the operational characterisation programme of the National Iron Ore Mining Company. Keywords: iron ore, mineralogy, geochemistry, Kogi State, steel production.