Investigation of Tin and Columbite Mineralisation in Younger Granites of Bauchi State

The Younger Granites of North Central and North East Nigeria are renowned for their association with tin and columbite-tantalite mineralisation, and occurrences in Bauchi State represent an underexplored portion of this metallogenic province. This study investigates the geological setting, mineralogical character, and grade distribution of tin and columbite mineralisation in selected localities of Bauchi State. Field mapping of the study area documented the spatial relationships between younger granite intrusions, associated aplite and pegmatite dykes, and alluvial placer concentrations in drainage systems. Rock channel sampling and systematic grid soil sampling were conducted over defined mineralised zones, with samples processed by gravity separation to recover heavy mineral concentrates. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry were used to identify cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, wolframite, and associated minerals in the concentrates. Assay data were used to compute grade and tonnage estimates at a reconnaissance level. The study evaluates the structural and lithological controls on mineralisation, identifying topaz-bearing granites and roof zone aplites as the most prospective lithologies. Results are intended to guide further exploration by the Bauchi State Ministry of Solid Minerals and licensed artisanal miners operating under the Artisanal Mining Fund. Keywords: tin mineralisation, columbite, Younger Granites, Bauchi State, placer deposits.