Evaluating Blockchain Technology Applications for Land Title Registration in South East Nigeria

Land title fraud, double registration, and prolonged verification processes are endemic in South East Nigeria, imposing significant transaction costs on property markets and deterring real estate investment. This study evaluates the applicability and potential effectiveness of blockchain technology as a solution for land title registration challenges in South East Nigeria, focusing on Imo and Enugu States. The research employs a technology evaluation framework combining technical feasibility analysis with stakeholder acceptance assessment. Technical analysis examines the suitability of permissioned blockchain architectures such as Hyperledger Fabric for government land registry contexts, assessing immutability, transparency, and query performance. Stakeholder acceptance was assessed through structured interviews with 18 land registry officials, 15 real estate practitioners, and 10 legal professionals across both states. Technical findings confirm that a permissioned blockchain solution can be implemented within existing Nigerian government ICT infrastructure with appropriate investment. Stakeholder interviews reveal strong interest in blockchain's fraud prevention capabilities but significant concerns about transition costs, staff retraining requirements, and the legality of blockchain-based title certificates under the Land Use Act 1978. The study develops a Blockchain Land Registry Readiness Assessment Tool for Nigerian states and recommends a pilot implementation in one registration area in Enugu State. Keywords: blockchain, land title registration, South East Nigeria, property fraud, Hyperledger Fabric.