Design and Implementation of a GSM-Based Remote Monitoring System for Underground Water Tanks in Abuja

Background: Undetected water tank overflows and leakages are common problems in residential and commercial properties in Abuja, resulting in water waste and structural damage. Remote monitoring systems can address these inefficiencies. Aim: This project designed and implemented a GSM-based remote water level monitoring and alert system for underground tanks in residential properties in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. Methods: An ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor measured water levels, with an Arduino Uno processing the data. A SIM800L GSM module transmitted SMS alerts when water reached user-defined high and low thresholds. The system was powered by a 5V regulated supply. Field testing was conducted across three residential properties over six weeks. Results: Water level measurements showed mean accuracy within 1.2 cm of manual measurement. SMS alerts were transmitted within 3 seconds of threshold breach in 97.8% of test events. GSM signal reliability was satisfactory across all test sites. Conclusion: The GSM-based monitoring system is accurate, reliable, and cost-effective for residential water management in urban Nigeria. Expansion to incorporate a mobile application interface and automated pump control is recommended for future development. Keywords: water level monitoring, GSM, Arduino, remote sensing, Abuja.