Analysis of Fire Scene Evidence in Arson Investigations in Ondo State

Arson investigation requires a specialised forensic skill set that integrates fire behaviour science, chemical analysis, and legal evidence standards. This study analyses fire scene evidence in arson investigations documented in Ondo State between 2019 and 2024. Using a descriptive case study methodology, data were collected from thirty fire investigation reports obtained from the Ondo State Fire Service and the Nigeria Police Force forensic unit, supplemented by interviews with ten fire investigators. The study evaluates the methods used for origin and cause determination, the application of accelerant detection techniques, and the documentation practices employed at fire scenes. Findings reveal that most investigators rely on visual burn pattern assessment without the support of chemical accelerant detection equipment such as portable hydrocarbon detectors or laboratory gas chromatography. Origin determination errors were identified in forty percent of reviewed reports, potentially leading to misclassification of accidental fires as arson. The study also notes a lack of formal training in fire investigation among officers assigned to arson cases. Recommendations include mandatory certification training for fire investigators and the procurement of portable accelerant detection devices for the South West and South South zones. These findings provide actionable guidance for improving arson investigation standards in Nigerian states with high fire incidence. Keywords: arson investigation, fire scene, accelerant detection, Ondo State, burn pattern.