Analysis of Women’s Participation in Cooperative Societies and Its Effect on Agricultural Output in Anambra State, South East Nigeria

Women constitute a significant proportion of the agricultural labour force in South East Nigeria, yet their participation in formal cooperative structures remains constrained by socio-cultural and institutional barriers. This study analysed women's participation in cooperative societies and its effect on agricultural output in Anambra State. Data were collected from 100 women farmers randomly selected from five cooperative societies across three local government areas. Structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to capture participation levels, contribution patterns, and crop output volumes. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ordinary least squares regression were applied in the analysis. Findings revealed that active cooperative members recorded significantly higher output levels than non-members, with a mean production differential of 28 percent across crops including vegetables, cassava, and yam. Access to collective credit, shared storage facilities, and group-based extension services were identified as key productivity drivers associated with cooperative membership. Cultural constraints including limited land ownership rights and disproportionate domestic responsibilities reduced effective participation among younger women. The study recommends that agricultural extension programmes in Anambra State mainstream gender-responsive cooperative development strategies. Policy interventions should also address land tenure reforms to enhance women's productive asset access. These findings are relevant to ongoing efforts by the Anambra State Agricultural Development Programme to strengthen inclusive rural institutions. Keywords: cooperative societies, women farmers, agricultural output, Anambra State, gender.