Anatomical Basis of Episiotomy: A Perineal Morphometric Study Among Pregnant Women in Benue State University Teaching Hospital

Episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum performed to facilitate childbirth, and its execution requires a precise understanding of perineal anatomy. The dimensions and tissue composition of the perineum vary across populations and may influence the type of episiotomy performed, the risk of perineal tears, and recovery outcomes. Despite the high rate of episiotomies in Nigerian obstetric practice, the anatomical basis of this procedure is poorly characterised within local populations. This study aims to document perineal morphometric parameters relevant to episiotomy among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Benue State University Teaching Hospital in the North Central zone. Measurements including perineal body length, posterior fourchette width, and the distance from the fourchette to the anal verge will be recorded among consenting third-trimester participants. Data will be analysed by parity status and foetal presentation to determine if these variables influence perineal dimensions. Findings are expected to inform the training of midwives and obstetricians in episiotomy technique within the North Central region, reducing the risk of complications related to incorrect incision placement or excessive perineal damage.

Keywords: perineal morphometry, episiotomy, obstetric anatomy, Benue State, antenatal