Assessment of Fly Diversity and Load in Open-Air Fish Smoking Operations in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria

Open-air fish smoking is a traditional food processing method widely practiced across inland fishing communities in Sokoto State. The process creates conditions attractive to various fly species, posing contamination risks that may undermine the microbiological safety of the finished product. This study assesses the diversity and abundance of flies associated with open-air fish smoking operations in three fishing communities along the Sokoto River. Fly populations will be sampled using sweep nets and sticky traps deployed at active smoking sites, resting surfaces, and product display areas. Specimens will be identified to species level with particular attention to blow flies, flesh flies, and house flies. Fly load estimates will be recorded at each stage of the smoking process from gutting to finished product display. Surface microbiology sampling of finished fish will be conducted to determine bacterial contamination levels. Associations between fly load and bacterial counts will be examined statistically. This research responds to food safety gaps in traditional fish processing and provides evidence relevant to the Sokoto State Bureau of Public Health. Recommendations will focus on simple environmental modifications and timed processing practices that can reduce fly access without disrupting traditional livelihoods. Keywords: fly diversity, fish smoking, food safety, Sokoto State, Calliphoridae