Assessment of Mangrove Restoration Projects in Akwa Ibom State: Outcomes and Lessons

Mangrove restoration has gained significant attention as a strategy for ecosystem rehabilitation, carbon sequestration, and coastal biodiversity recovery in the Niger Delta region. Akwa Ibom State, within Nigeria's South South geopolitical zone, has experienced considerable mangrove degradation through oil spills, urban expansion, and fuelwood extraction. Several restoration projects have been implemented by state agencies and international conservation organizations, with varying levels of success. This study evaluates the outcomes and lessons learned from three mangrove restoration projects in Akwa Ibom State initiated between 2018 and 2021. Using a combination of vegetation survival rate assessments, wildlife diversity surveys, and stakeholder interviews with 45 project participants and beneficiaries, the study examines ecological and social outcomes against project objectives. Results indicate that survival rates of transplanted mangrove propagules average 55 percent across project sites, with highest mortality attributed to improper species selection relative to inundation zone and post-planting maintenance failures. Wildlife recovery is observable at two sites, with increased waterbird use and juvenile fish habitat function noted. Community participation in planting activities is high, but long-term stewardship engagement declines sharply after project funding ends. The study recommends investment in site preparation and post-planting monitoring as key success factors, species-site matching protocols, and formal community stewardship agreements linked to livelihood incentives. These lessons are intended to inform future mangrove restoration programs in Akwa Ibom and neighboring states. Keywords: mangrove restoration, Akwa Ibom State, South South Nigeria, coastal ecology, ecosystem rehabilitation