Assessment of Parents’ Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ogun State

Early identification and intervention for autism spectrum disorder significantly improves developmental outcomes in affected children, yet parental awareness and knowledge of the condition remain low in many Nigerian communities. This study assessed parents' knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Ogun State, South West Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used, with 280 parents of children aged 2 to 10 years recruited from primary healthcare centres and special education schools in Abeokuta South, Sagamu, and Ijebu Ode local government areas. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was developed and validated for data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were applied in analysis. Results revealed that only 29 percent of respondents had adequate knowledge of autism spectrum disorder, with the majority unable to identify early warning signs such as lack of eye contact, delayed speech, and restricted behaviours. Educational level and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with knowledge level. Most parents who eventually sought diagnosis reported a delay of over one year from first noticing developmental differences. Health education was identified as the most needed intervention by respondents. The study recommended autism awareness campaigns in primary healthcare settings and integration of autism education into maternal and child health programmes. Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, parental knowledge, health education, Ogun State, early intervention