📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
Body composition assessment is central to physiological research and clinical nutrition, yet the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis relative to reference methods has not been established for young Nigerian adult populations. This study assessed the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in estimating body fat percentage and lean mass in young Nigerian adults. A validity study design recruited 80 healthy adults aged 18 to 35 years at the University of Lagos. Both methods were applied within 48 hours under standardised conditions. Body fat percentage, fat mass, and lean mass were obtained from both instruments. Bland-Altman limits of agreement analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients, and paired t-tests were applied. Results showed moderate-to-good agreement between methods for lean mass (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.82) but lower agreement for body fat percentage (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.67). Bioelectrical impedance analysis systematically underestimated body fat percentage in participants with higher adiposity. Agreement was better in male participants. Hydration status influenced bioelectrical impedance analysis readings significantly. This study fills an important methodological gap by generating Nigerian-specific validity data for bioelectrical impedance analysis, which is widely used in research and clinical settings. Population-specific correction equations and standardised hydration protocols are recommended to improve bioelectrical impedance analysis accuracy in Nigerian studies. Keywords: bioelectrical impedance, body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, validity, University of Lagos.
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