Physiological Effects of Urban Air Pollution on Lung Function and Oxidative Stress Markers in Commuters in Abuja

Urban commuters are exposed to elevated concentrations of vehicular exhaust pollutants that may impair respiratory physiology and induce systemic oxidative stress. This study assessed the effects of urban air pollution exposure on lung function and oxidative stress biomarkers in daily commuters in Abuja, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design recruited 90 long-distance daily commuters with more than two hours of roadside traffic exposure and 45 age-matched non-commuting office workers with minimal outdoor exposure. Spirometric indices including forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate were measured. Blood samples were analysed for malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation marker and superoxide dismutase as an antioxidant enzyme. Personal air pollution exposure was estimated using validated proxy measures including commute duration and commute route particulate matter readings. Regression and Mann-Whitney U analyses were applied. Results showed significantly lower spirometric values and higher malondialdehyde concentrations in commuters compared to controls. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in high-exposure commuters, indicating exhausted antioxidant capacity. Commuting years correlated inversely with forced vital capacity. This study provides empirical evidence for cumulative respiratory and oxidative burden of urban commuting in Abuja, addressing a research gap. Emission control policies, green commuting incentives, and antioxidant dietary interventions are recommended. Keywords: urban air pollution, lung function, oxidative stress, commuters, Abuja.