Conflict Resolution Mechanisms Among Farming Communities in Benue State: A Case Study of Tiv-Fulani Clashes

This study examines the conflict resolution mechanisms employed among farming communities in Benue State, focusing on recurring clashes between Tiv farmers and Fulani herders. The persistent nature of farmer-herder conflicts in the North Central geopolitical zone has escalated into a humanitarian concern, displacing thousands of residents and disrupting agricultural productivity. Using a descriptive survey design, the study draws on primary data collected through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions involving 120 respondents drawn from affected local government areas in Benue State. Secondary data were obtained from government reports, non-governmental organization assessments, and recent academic literature published between 2020 and 2024. The theoretical framework is anchored in Johan Galtung's theory of conflict transformation. Findings indicate that while traditional conflict resolution mechanisms such as council of elders mediation and customary arbitration remain prevalent, their effectiveness has been eroded by political interference and inadequate legal backing. The study further reveals that land tenure disputes, seasonal migration routes, and climate-induced resource scarcity are the primary drivers of the recurring hostilities. The research recommends strengthening indigenous dispute resolution structures through formal government recognition, establishing permanent conflict early-warning systems at the local government level, and integrating peace education into community development programs. The study contributes empirical evidence to the growing body of literature on subnational conflict management in Nigeria's agrarian communities. Keywords: farmer-herder conflict, conflict resolution, Benue State, mediation, peace studies.