Corporate Sustainability Reporting on Energy Use in Nigerian Manufacturing Companies: A Review

Corporate sustainability reporting in Nigerian manufacturing companies has gained momentum following increased regulatory expectations, investor demands, and Nigeria's commitments under the Paris Agreement, yet the quality and completeness of energy-related disclosures remain inconsistent and poorly benchmarked. This study reviews corporate sustainability reporting practices related to energy use in twenty listed Nigerian manufacturing companies across the food and beverage, cement, and chemicals sectors. Sustainability reports and annual reports for the period 2020 to 2024 were systematically analysed using a content analysis framework aligned with the Global Reporting Initiative GRI 302 energy disclosure standards. Assessment criteria included the completeness of energy consumption data, disclosure of energy efficiency targets and progress, renewable energy usage reporting, and carbon emission intensity metrics. Interviews with sustainability managers and external auditors at eight companies provided qualitative context on reporting motivations, data quality challenges, and assurance practices. Results reveal that only 35 percent of sampled companies report total energy consumption with consistent methodology, and fewer than 20 percent set quantified energy efficiency improvement targets. The study identifies the absence of mandatory energy reporting standards in Nigerian securities regulation as a primary driver of reporting gaps. Recommendations include adoption of mandatory energy disclosure requirements by the Nigerian Exchange Group and development of sector-specific energy reporting guidance by the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria. Keywords: corporate sustainability reporting, energy disclosure, manufacturing, Nigeria, GRI standards.