Determination of Aflatoxin Levels in Groundnut Paste Sold in Markets of Kano Metropolis

Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and groundnut products is a significant food safety concern in Nigeria, with documented links to liver cancer, immune suppression, and child growth faltering. Groundnut paste (kulikuli) is a commonly consumed product in Kano State, North West Nigeria. This study determines total aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 levels in groundnut paste samples collected from 30 market vendors across three major markets in Kano metropolis, namely Sabon Gari, Singer, and Wambai markets. Aflatoxin analysis was conducted using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method following immunoaffinity column clean-up. Moisture content and water activity of samples were determined as potential predictors of contamination level. Results indicated that 77 percent of samples contained detectable aflatoxin B1, with total aflatoxin levels exceeding the European Union maximum limit of 10 micrograms per kilogram in 53 percent of samples. Water activity above 0.85 was significantly associated with higher contamination levels. The study draws on recent literature on aflatoxin surveillance in Nigerian groundnut value chains and contributes empirical data for food safety risk assessment. Findings highlight the urgent need for post-harvest management interventions and quality control along the groundnut paste value chain in the North West zone. Recommendations are provided for the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control and the Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority. Keywords: aflatoxin, groundnut paste, food safety, Kano, HPLC