Effect of Prolonged Standing on Lower Limb Oedema and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Market Women in Aba, Abia State

Prolonged standing is a common occupational requirement among market traders in Nigeria and is associated with numerous musculoskeletal and circulatory complaints. This study assessed the effect of prolonged standing on lower limb oedema and musculoskeletal discomfort among female market traders in Aba, Abia State, South East Nigeria. Eighty women who stand for more than six hours daily as part of their market trade were recruited alongside 40 age-matched women in seated occupations as controls. Lower limb ankle circumference was measured before and after the working day as an indicator of oedema. Musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Paired and unpaired t-tests were applied. Results showed a significant increase in post-shift ankle circumference among market traders compared to pre-shift measurements, indicating oedema formation. Control group ankle circumference did not change significantly. Lower back, knee, and ankle discomfort were significantly more prevalent among market traders. Duration of standing positively correlated with oedema severity and pain scores. The study concludes that prolonged occupational standing induces measurable lower limb oedema and musculoskeletal strain in market women in Aba. Ergonomic interventions including anti-fatigue mats, compression stockings, and regulated standing breaks are recommended. Keywords: prolonged standing, oedema, musculoskeletal discomfort, market women, Aba.