Evaluation of Flood Risk and Land Use Patterns in Benin City, Edo State

Flooding poses a significant threat to lives, property, and urban functionality in Nigerian lowland cities, and is frequently exacerbated by incompatible land use patterns and inadequate drainage systems. This study evaluates flood risk and its relationship with land use patterns in Benin City, Edo State, which has experienced repeated and devastating flood events in recent years. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining spatial analysis of land use maps with a household survey of 200 flood-affected residents in Egor, Ikpoba Okha, and Oredo local government areas. GIS tools were used to overlay drainage catchment maps, terrain elevation data, and built-up area extent to identify flood-prone zones. Community perception of flood causes, preparedness levels, and government response was assessed through the survey instrument. Secondary data on flood incidents and drainage maintenance records were obtained from the Edo State Ministry of Environment. Findings are expected to reveal that uncontrolled development on floodplains, loss of natural drainage channels to construction, and poor maintenance of existing drainage infrastructure are primary contributors to flood risk. The study critically examines the extent to which the Benin City Master Plan's drainage provisions are being implemented and enforced. Recommendations include floodplain delineation and strict land use controls, drainage channel rehabilitation, and community-based early warning systems linked to state-level emergency management. Keywords: Flood risk, Land use, Benin City, Drainage, Urban planning.