Evaluation of Natural Gas Distribution Network Pressure Loss in Kaduna State

Pressure loss in natural gas distribution networks represents a critical operational challenge affecting gas delivery efficiency and end-user service quality. This study evaluates pressure loss characteristics across the gas distribution network serving industrial and commercial customers in Kaduna State, with particular focus on the Kaduna Industrial Estate pipeline network. The research employs hydraulic simulation combined with field pressure measurement surveys, using PIPESIM software to model network behaviour under varying demand conditions. Data inputs include pipeline diameter, length, material roughness, gas composition, and measured inlet and outlet pressures at key delivery points. The study investigates the primary causes of pressure loss including pipe frictional resistance, minor losses at fittings and valves, and compressor inefficiencies at the Kaduna booster station. It further examines the effect of network expansion undertaken in 2022 and 2023 on system hydraulic balance, which has reportedly exacerbated pressure deficits at peripheral delivery points. Findings indicate that pressure at the furthest network nodes falls below the minimum contractual delivery pressure by up to 15 percent during peak demand hours, adversely affecting industrial burner performance. Recommendations include installation of additional pressure regulation stations, loop pipeline construction at identified bottleneck segments, and adoption of real-time network monitoring systems. The research provides an evidence base for network upgrade planning by Kaduna gas distribution stakeholders. Keywords: pressure loss, gas distribution, network simulation, Kaduna, pipeline hydraulics.