Evaluation of Public Space Quality and Social Cohesion in Zaria, Kaduna State

Public spaces play a vital role in promoting social interaction, cultural expression, and community wellbeing in urban environments. This study evaluates the quality of public spaces and their contribution to social cohesion in Zaria, Kaduna State, a historically significant city with a diverse ethnic and religious population. A descriptive methodology was used, combining physical condition assessments of eight major public spaces including Tudun Wada Square, Zaria City Market forecourt, and Samaru community plaza with a survey of 180 users assessing satisfaction, frequency of use, sense of safety, and experiences of social interaction across different groups. Focus group discussions were conducted with youth organizations, women's groups, and elderly residents to explore qualitative dimensions of public space use and social dynamics. Secondary data were sourced from Kaduna State Urban Planning Authority and Zaria Local Government Area. The physical quality assessment used a standardized scorecard evaluating cleanliness, seating provision, lighting, shade, accessibility for persons with disabilities, and maintenance standards. Findings are expected to reveal neglect of public space maintenance, privatization of formerly open community areas, and underuse by women and youth due to safety concerns. The study examines how public space quality interacts with ethno-religious diversity in shaping social encounters. Recommendations include community co-management of public spaces, lighting and safety improvements, inclusive design standards, and annual public space quality reporting by local government planning departments. Keywords: Public space, Social cohesion, Zaria, Urban design, Community wellbeing.